91吃瓜

Abstract

Aging is a complex biological process that significantly impacts cognitive function, leading to declines in memory, processing speed, and executive function. These changes are associated with molecular pathways such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic plasticity alterations. Identifying these pathways is crucial for developing interventions to mitigate cognitive decline. Emerging research highlights the potential of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions, including caloric restriction, physical exercise, and cognitive training, in preserving cognitive function. This review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to age-related cognitive decline and evaluates current and emerging therapeutic strategies. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to novel treatments that enhance cognitive resilience in aging populations. Future research should focus on targeted molecular therapies and integrative interventions that promote brain health.